Understanding how heat transfer in cold storage works is key to designing effective walk-in solutions using KPS Global® insulated panel systems. Heat transfer occurs in three ways:
- Conduction
- Convection
- Radiation
Conduction: Surface-to-Surface Heat Transfer
Conduction happens when heat moves directly through solid materials. For example, steel is a highly conductive material that allows heat to pass through quickly. In cold storage, conduction happens when a walk-in freezer in an ambient warehouse creates conduction when the exterior of the freezer box is 70 degrees while the inside remains at 20 degrees; the solid materials in between—such as insulated panels—conduct energy from the warmer surface to the colder surface. This is due to the science of thermodynamics, warmer air is trying to invade and equalize with the colder temperature. The greater the difference in temperature the faster the heat transfers, which is why using high-performance insulation is key to reducing heat loss.
Convection: Heat Transfer Through Air
Convection occurs when heat travels through gases, such as air. In cold storage, this happens when warm air enters a freezer or cooler and cold air escapes. The greater the temperature difference, the faster this heat transfer occurs. An example of convection in cold storage, is when a door is opened and warm air comes into contact with the cold air outside the walk-in, the air begins to cool down, creating a circulating motion where warm air physically rises and cool air sinks trying to equalize the temperature.
Radiation: Heat Transfer Through Electromagnetic Waves
Radiation involves the transfer of heat through electromagnetic waves, such as the heat from the sun or a stove. While radiation is less of a concern in controlled cold storage environments compared to conduction and convection, reflective surfaces and insulation materials are designed to minimize its impact. For example, the heat we feel from the sun is a form of radiation—long-wave radiation transfers heat from the sun to the Earth. In cold storage, external surfaces exposed to direct sunlight can absorb heat, increasing the internal temperature. This is why we offer insulated panel systems with thermal properties and a higher resistance to heat transfer to minimize radiant heat absorption and maintain stable temperatures.
The KPS Global Difference
At KPS Global, we know that achieving this requires a comprehensive understanding of thermal performance—and that starts with understanding how heat transfer works.
At KPS Global, we understand that effective cold storage is about more than just insulation—it’s about designing systems that control heat transfer at every level. By understanding heat transfer and thermodynamics, we help our customers achieve superior cold storage solutions, customized to their needs.
Ready to learn more about how our high-performance panels can benefit your walk-in cooler and freezer solutions? Contact us today to see the KPS Global difference in action.
